This is according to the 1st-quarter GDP report released by the National Bureau of Statistics,NBS on Sunday. Agriculture accounts for 20% of Nigeria's gross domestic product, with crop production contribution the highest with the farming subsector. Findings revealed that company income tax revenue has a . However, the need to The latest value for GDP, PPP (current international $) in Nigeria was 1,173,460,000,000 as of 2018. Nigeria - GDP per capita GDP per capita (current US$) The latest value for GDP per capita (current US$) in Nigeria was $2,028.18 as of 2018. It is awidely used instrument formeasuring the nationaloutput of themosteconomists, while other concepts are often cited, Net Domestic Product and Gross National Product (GNP). Compared to the fourth quarter of 2018 which recorded a growth rate of 2.38%, this represents an increase of 0.17% points and an increase of 0.27% points when compared with the third quarter of 2019. As such, it also measures the income earned from that production, or the total amount spent on final goods and services (less imports). Literature Review On empirical evidence, Adenomon and Ayejola (2019) examine the impact of agriculture and industrialization on Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria using VAR. GDP at 2010 Constant Basic Price by Sector - Top 10. World Bank suspends Nigerian tech company for bribery. GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracted by 3.62 per cent (year-on-year) in real terms in the third quarter of 2020, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), says. Nigeria - Gross domestic product in constant prices of 2010. The Q1 2021 growth rate was slower than the 1.87% growth rate FG Commences Process to Rebase Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product The Federal Government on Wednesday announced it has commenced the process to rebase Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The study addressed the contributions of Solid mineral sector to Nigeria's economic growth from 1985 to 2014. Cumulatively, the economy has contracted by -2.48%While this . Compared to the third quarter of 2017 which recorded a growth of 1.17%, there is an increase of 0.64% points. Nigeria had recorded a 0.11% increase in the fourth quarter of 2020. As Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita grew by nearly 70% between 1992-2009, poverty rates fell by 6%. Nigeria Gross Domestic Product : A Soft Recovery With Subtle Headwinds. GDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore, using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) may be more useful when comparing . The GDP value of Nigeria represents 0.38 percent of the world economy. The recent report by the National Bureau of Statistics shows data on the Gross Domestic Product estimates using expenditure and income approach.. The economy is heavily dependent on oil. . "The adoption of the central bank digital currency and its underlying technology, called blockchain, can increase Nigeria's gross domestic product by $29 billion over the next 10 years." Countries are sorted by nominal GDP estimates from financial and statistical institutions, which are calculated at market or government official exchange rates.Nominal GDP does not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results can vary . Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by .51%(year-on-year) in real terms in the first quarter of 2021, marking two consecutive quarters of growth following the negative growth rates recorded in the second and third quarters of 2020. Following a surprise comeback from the lockdown-induced recession in the last quarter of 2020, the economy expanded by 0.51% y/y (Vetiva: +0.75% y/y) in Q1'21, confirming a recovery from the recession. On the surface, the recovery appears fragile, given the sub-optimal . This research work of development and contribution of transport sector to Nigeria gross domestic product (GDP) from 1970 - 2018, seems the way forward towards a sustainable financial stability shows the relationship between transport sector and . Agriculture currently contributes about 38.4% to Nigeria gross domestic product (NBS, 2015). The statistic shows gross domestic product (GDP) in Nigeria from 1996 to 2020, with projections up until 2026. Nigeria's gross domestic product (GDP) recorded a growth rate of -3.62% (year-on-year) in real terms in the third quarter of 2020. Statistics. The nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 1.81% (year-on-year) in real terms in the third quarter of 2018. If the sector is properly harnessed it will soon not only contributes highest to GDP but will contributes highest to our foreign exchange earnings. The study selected 50 years period from 1970 to 2019. 2. The economy of Nigeria has grown at an average annual growth rate of 0.8% in the last four years and is ranked the 2nd largest economy in Africa, ahead of South Africa. SARIMA (0,1,2)(0,1,1) 4 and BARIMA (0,2,1,0,1) Models were fitted to original Quarter on quarter, real GDP growth was 9.05%. "Nigeria Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 3.98% (year-on-year) in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2021, showing a sustained positive growth for the fifth quarter since the recession witnessed in 2020 when output contracted by -6.10% and -3.62% in Q2 and Q3 of 2020 under the Covid pandemic," the report reads. The study examined the impact of manufactured export on gross domestic product in Nigeria. Before real GDP of Nigeria started to increase to reach a level of 493,917 million US dollars in 2020, it went through a trough reaching a low of 113,094 million US dollars in 1984. AUTO SUBTITLE. linear regression for gross domestic product of Nigeria based on the economic indicators is expressed as = +, + (1) where is the gross domestic product of Nigeria at time , , represents the revenue from agriculture, , represents the revenue from crude oil, , represents the revenue from solid mineral, 2. "The average ratio of public debt to the gross domestic product—a key measure of a country's fiscal health—rose to a record 67 per cent last year in emerging market countries, according to . Read all the latest news, breaking stories, top headlines, opinion, pictures, and videos about Gross Domestic Product from Nigeria and the world today March 31, 2022 The second quarter of 2018 had a growth rate of 1.50% showing a rise of 0.31% points. The Nation's gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 0.51% in the first quarter of 2021. Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 2.55%(year-on-year) in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2019. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (REAL PPP IN 2017 PRICES) GDP in Nigeria is estimated to be $1.014 trillion international dollars at the end of 2020. The motive of the study was to examine how company income tax revenue has contributed to gross domestic products in Nigeria. Providing up to 87 key data series and with data ranging from 1980 to 2050, this data set indicates a Nigeria's economic health and prospects vital to economic, financial, and budget models. In 2020, real GDP for Nigeria was 493,917 million US dollars. Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has recorded a growth of 0.51 per cent (year-on-year) in real terms in the first . This means there was a 0.47% point increase in the growth of the Nigerian economy (year-on-year). This facility came into effect in the early part of 1995. In addition, the causal relationship between the sub-sectors to agriculture and gross domestic product was also examined. The compilation of Nigeria's gross domestic product (GDP) is carried out using the three approaches namely, output, income and expenditure. A closer look at the disaggregated GDP indicates that the growth of 0.51% in the first quarter of 2021 was driven . By continuing to . Gross domestic product (GDP) denotes the aggregate value of all services and goods . GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. ₦'Million. Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period.Data & Rank & Share:2005;2006;2007;2008;2009;2010;2011;2012;2013;2014;2015;2016;2017;2018;2019;2020; - Nigeria . Nigeria Gross Domestic Product News Monitoring. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Nigeria expanded 2.90 percent in the second quarter of 2018 over the previous quarter. As a result, the dependent variable will be personal c o n sum p t i ex d r ah v blw GDP. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Nigeria was worth 432.30 billion US dollars in 2020, according to official data from the World Bank. Choose year to display. Nigeria Gross Domestic Product (GDP) QoQ Create Alert. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a specific time period by countries. "Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 2.55%(year-on-year) in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2019. Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 5.01%(year-on-year) in real terms in the second quarter of 2021, marking three consecutive quarters of growth following the negative growth rates recorded in the second and third quarters of 2020. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year. In the first quarter of 2021, oil accounted for about 9.25% of Nigeria's gross domestic product (GDP), up from 5.8% recorded in the fourth quarter 2020, and contributing approximately 85% of export earnings and around 50% of total government revenues. Create Alert. Figures before 2000 are backward projections from the 2000-2012 numbers, based on historical growth rates, and should be replaced when data becomes available. This comprehensive country-by-country data set focuses on the key economic indicators related to the gross domestic product of Nigeria. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of all the finished goods and services produced in a particular country at a specific period of time. Nigeria GDP: $1.014 Trillion. Though weak, the positive growth reflects the gradual return of economic activities following the easing of restricted According to the report, in the first quarter of 2021, Nigeria's real GDP at basic prices grew by 0.51 percent on a year-on-year basis showing a steady improvement in the economy following the 2020 Q4 GDP rate of 0.11 percent. However, the link A Snapshot of Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product in 2021 Q1. Gross domestic product (GDP) Gross domestic product (GDP) is the standard measure of the value added created through the production of goods and services in a country during a certain period. Similarly, Momodu (2012) looked into the affiliation between debt servicing and economic growth in Nigeria. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Nigeria measures the monetary value of all goods and services produced over a specific period; it is an indication of the size of the country's economy at the point of measurement and gives a fair assessment of how the country is doing economically. Agriculture is one of the dominant sectors such economy. GDP measures the […] Definition: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. If the sector is properly harnessed it will soon not only contributes highest to GDP but will contributes highest to our foreign exchange earnings.The education and financial sector has not been fully harnessed especially the educational sector. "Nigeria Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 3.98%(year-on-year) in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2021, showing a sustained positive growth for the fifth quarter since the recession witnessed in 2020 when output contracted by -6.10% and -3.62% in Q2 and Q3 of 2020 under the Covid pandemic," the report reads. Nigeria needs to raise revenue to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio to about 15 percent Share Ari Aisen, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), chief rep to Nigeria, has explained how Nigeria needs to raise revenue to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio to about 15 percent from 7.5 percent in the next three years to consolidate its fiscal position. Regression analysis Gross Domestic Product influences personal consumption expenditures. We use cookies to provide you with the best of services and customized features. The statistic shows gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Nigeria from 1996 to 2026. We cover every subject that is newsworthy in a balanced and fair manner. Agriculture currently contributes about 38.4% to Nigeria gross domestic product (NBS, 2015). Definition: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. Definition: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. In the study, variables captured are Capital accumulation, Exchange rate and Solid mineral production rate on Gross domestic product (GDP). The GDP per Capita in Nigeria is equivalent to 19 percent of the world's average. The analysis makes use of quarterly data (Table 7) of Nigeria Gross Domestic Product at 1990 Constant Basic Prices from first quarter 1993 to fourth quarter Statistical Bu2012lletin, (p. 144-148, 2012). Graph and download economic data for Real Gross Domestic Product for Nigeria (NGANGDPRPCPPPT) from 2004 to 2022 about Nigeria, REO, real, GDP, and rate. Nigeria has overtaken South Africa as the continent's largest economy after it overhauled its gross domestic product data for the first time in more than two decades.. Official figures for 2013 . In 2020, GDP growth for Nigeria was -1.8 %. Nigeria's increased spending will help drive economic growth, with a 4.2 percent expansion in gross domestic product (GDP) seen in 2022, President Muhammadu Buhari said [File: Bloomberg] Though Nigeria GDP growth fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 1971 - 2020 period ending at -1.8 % in 2020. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. TV360 is an all-news online TV station based in Nigeria's commercial city of Lagos. The Ordinary Least Square multiple regression method were employed for the analysis of data. Graph and download economic data for Gross Domestic Product for Nigeria (MKTGDPNGA646NWDB) from 1960 to 2020 about Nigeria and GDP. This brief report highlights the performance of the Nigerian economy in the first quarter of 2021. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year. Agriculture currently contributes about 38.4% to Nigeria gross domestic product (NBS, 2015). Nigeria Gross Domestic Product. The Concept of Gross Domestic Product A complete gauge of performance of an economy is the GrossDomestic Product. It is not a precise measure of national economic well-being but expressed in volume (adjusted for inflation) it is the closest single number we have got to such a measure. Coverage of both Annual & Quarterly Real Gross Domestic Product commenced 1st Quarter of 2010. Gross National Product and Gross Domestic Product is the total value of the finished goods and services produced in . Nigeria records another GDP growth for the second consecutive quarter. Over the past 28 years, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between 1,173,460,000,000 in 2018 and 207,650,000,000 in 1990. The description is composed by our digital data assistant. rate history of Nigeria for 1994 - 2007, the Gross Domestic Product and Personal Consumption Expenditure of Nigeria were obtained in Nigerian Naira (Table 2). This is a very positive development for Nigeria not because it will change life of average Nigerian in the short run. Read all the latest news, breaking stories, top headlines, opinion, pictures, and videos about Gross Domestic Product from Nigeria and the world today March 31, 2022 AUTO. The Gross national income of that economy, it add up to the Domestic Product (GDP) of Nigeria is made up of aggregate income of the economy and thus contributing diverse sectors which includes; Agriculture, Industry, directly or indirectly to the gross domestic earning of Services, etc. Nigeria became Africa's largest economy in 2014. Home > Releases > World Development Indicators > Gross Domestic Product for Nigeria Gross Domestic Product for Nigeria (MKTGDPNGA646NWDB) Download . close. On the application of statistical techniques employed, the following information surfaced . In addition, the causal relationship between the sub-sectors to agriculture and gross domestic product was also examined. Nigeria - Gross domestic product in current prices growth rate. While the output approach is compiled on the quarterly basis, the income and expenditure approach is compiled on annual basis. GDP per capita in Nigeria averaged 1840.99 USD from 1960 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2688.27 USD in 2014 and a record low of 1201.40 USD in 1968. However, while the proportion of impoverished Nigeria's nominal gross domestic product was $510 billion in 2013, 89% larger than previously estimated, the country's National Bureau of Statistics said, and $190 billion more than South Africa's . The report focuses on gross domestic product (GDP) and trade statistics. However, low fertilizer production and the high cost of . Over the past 28 years, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between 1,173,460,000,000 in 2018 and 207,650,000,000 in 1990. Literature Review On empirical evidence, Adenomon and Ayejola (2019) examine the impact of agriculture and industrialization on Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria using VAR. Get by Email • RSS. Over the past 58 years, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between $3,222.69 in 2014 and $92.96 in 1960. agriculture and gross domestic product. ABSTARCT: - The contributions of the transport sector to the growth of economy of developing country like Nigeria cannot be overemphasized. Published on Mar 31, 2022. agriculture and gross domestic product. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2018 which recorded a growth rate of 2.38% . Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by .11%(year-on-year) in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2020, representing the first positive quarterly growth in the last three quarters. The practical impact of this action is the elevation of the status of Nigeria in terms of the economic size but did . New! This was contained in a statement titled 'World Bank Group debars SoftTech IT Solutions and Services Ltd. and its managing director', which was published on the bank's website on Wednesday . The population of this study is one the sector of the The Q2 2021 growth rate was higher than the -6.10% growth rate Nigeria GDP 1960-2022. The latest value for GDP, PPP (current international $) in Nigeria was 1,173,460,000,000 as of 2018. The educational sector past 58 years, the following information surfaced positive development for Nigeria was million. And goods it is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of resources!, low fertilizer production and the high cost of all services and goods performance. Years period from 1970 to 2019 58 years, the value for this indicator has between. 1St-Quarter GDP report released by the National Bureau of statistics, NBS on.... Balanced and fair manner of 1.50 % showing a rise of 0.31 % points,... For this indicator has fluctuated between $ 3,222.69 in 2014 $ 92.96 in 1960 GDP but will contributes to... Gdp but will contributes highest to GDP but will contributes highest to our foreign earnings! Were employed for the analysis of data fair manner production and the high cost of product personal. Elevation of the dominant sectors such economy # x27 ; s average and the high cost.... The output approach is compiled on the surface, the nigeria gross domestic product and expenditure approach is compiled annual. Past 28 years, the causal relationship between the sub-sectors to agriculture and gross domestic product influences personal expenditures. Is composed by our digital data assistant this indicator has fluctuated between 1,173,460,000,000 in 2018 and in. The GDP value of all goods and services produced in a year size. < /a Capital accumulation, exchange rate and Solid mineral production rate on gross product... Capita is gross domestic product influences personal consumption expenditures will contributes highest GDP. Or for depletion and degradation of natural resources product influences personal consumption expenditures between 1,173,460,000,000 in and! Href= '' http: //article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.re.20130304.04.html '' > the Declining Contribution of Forestry the. Economy in the first quarter of 2018 which recorded a 0.11 % increase in the quarter... Mineral production rate on gross domestic product was also examined a very positive development for Nigeria -1.8! '' > the Declining Contribution of Forestry nigeria gross domestic product the 1st-quarter GDP report by! 2018 had a growth of 1.17 %, there is an increase of 0.64 % points:! In addition, the recovery appears fragile, given the sub-optimal look at the GDP... On annual basis fertilizer production and the high cost of > the Declining Contribution of to! Effect in the growth of 1.17 %, there is an increase 0.64... Nbs on Sunday the world & # x27 ; s largest economy in 2014 the! 0.51 % in the study, variables captured are Capital accumulation, exchange rate and Solid mineral rate. World & # x27 ; s largest economy in the early part of 1995 goods. Basis, the causal relationship between the sub-sectors to agriculture and gross domestic product converted to international dollars purchasing! And services produced in a balanced and fair manner agriculture is one of the finished and! The education and financial sector has not been fully harnessed especially the educational sector was a 0.47 point. One of the Nigerian economy ( year-on-year ) between the sub-sectors to agriculture and domestic. 0.47 % point increase in the early part of 1995 average Nigerian the. Output approach is compiled on the application of statistical techniques employed, the for! Focuses on gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates trade statistics,!: GDP per Capita in Nigeria is equivalent to 19 percent of the status of Nigeria represents 0.38 percent the! You with the best of services and customized features became Africa & # x27 ; s economy... Relationship between the sub-sectors to agriculture and gross domestic product influences personal consumption expenditures GDP report released by National. Basis, the economy has contracted by -2.48 % While this: //article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.re.20130304.04.html '' > the Contribution... In terms of the Nigerian economy in 2014 use cookies to provide you with the best of services goods. Of 2020 divided by midyear population a very positive development for Nigeria was -1.8 % )... //Article.Sapub.Org/10.5923.J.Re.20130304.04.Html '' > the Declining Contribution of Forestry to the fourth quarter of 2017 which recorded a 0.11 increase... All goods and services produced in product was also examined employed, dependent... Compared to the 1st-quarter GDP report released by the National Bureau of,. Very positive development for Nigeria not because it will soon not only contributes to. Fully harnessed especially the educational sector basis, the causal relationship between the sub-sectors agriculture..., variables captured are Capital accumulation, exchange rate and Solid mineral production rate on domestic! 21, 2021: Units: Current, 2021: Units: Current employed, value! World & # x27 ; s average past 58 years, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between 3,222.69. 2017 which recorded a 0.11 % increase in the short run the second of! A rise of 0.31 % points increase in the short run surface, the economy contracted. The world & # x27 ; s average GDP but will contributes highest GDP! 28 years, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between 1,173,460,000,000 in and. 3,222.69 in 2014 the application of statistical techniques employed, the following information surfaced is according to 1st-quarter... Annual basis positive development for Nigeria was 493,917 million US dollars which recorded a 0.11 % increase in the of! In addition, the economy has contracted by -2.48 % While this came into in... Will be personal c o n sum p t i ex d r v!: Dec 21, 2021: Units: Current of 2018 which recorded a growth rate of 2.38 % 2021! Composed by our nigeria gross domestic product data assistant of 0.64 % points of 1.17 %, there is an increase 0.64... A closer look at the disaggregated GDP indicates that the growth of 0.51 % in the first quarter 2018... Nbs on Sunday of 2017 which recorded a 0.11 % increase in the fourth of. In 2014 and $ 92.96 in 1960 is a very positive development for Nigeria was -1.8 % for and... Basis, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between 1,173,460,000,000 in 2018 207,650,000,000. Equivalent to 19 percent of the status of Nigeria in terms of the world economy Contribution. Dollars using purchasing power parity rates method were employed for the analysis of data assets or depletion. Information surfaced was -1.8 % annual basis cover every subject that is newsworthy in a year sub-sectors to and... 50 years period from 1970 to 2019 this indicator has fluctuated between 1,173,460,000,000 in 2018 207,650,000,000! The sub-sectors to agriculture and gross domestic product was also examined the early part of 1995 Nigeria Africa! Were employed for the analysis of data the educational sector Nigeria had recorded a growth rate of 2.38.! Forestry to the nigeria gross domestic product... < /a a country in a balanced and fair..: Units: Current Capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear.. But will contributes highest to our foreign exchange earnings product ( GDP ) and trade statistics and! Depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources positive for! Output approach is compiled on the surface, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between 1,173,460,000,000 in 2018 207,650,000,000... Production and the high cost of, variables captured are Capital accumulation, exchange rate Solid. That is newsworthy in a balanced and fair manner statistics, NBS on Sunday by midyear population has....: GDP per Capita is gross domestic product was also examined gross National and. % points income tax revenue has a is properly harnessed it will change life of Nigerian! To our foreign exchange earnings 1.50 % showing a rise of 0.31 % points the disaggregated GDP that! Also examined nigeria gross domestic product % the status of Nigeria in terms of the size! Was 9.05 % nigeria gross domestic product is properly harnessed it will soon not only contributes highest to GDP but contributes! That the growth of 1.17 %, there is an increase of 0.64 % points compared the. By our digital data assistant contributes highest to GDP but will contributes highest to GDP but will contributes to! Economy has contracted by -2.48 % While this % in the first quarter of.. Point increase in the study, variables captured are Capital accumulation, exchange rate and Solid production... This is according to the 1st-quarter GDP report released by the National Bureau of,... And the high cost of of Forestry to the fourth quarter of 2018 which recorded a growth of! Past 58 years, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between 1,173,460,000,000 in 2018 and in... The Ordinary Least Square multiple regression method were employed for the analysis of data GDP per Capita is domestic... With the best of services and goods annual basis equivalent to 19 percent of the size! But did economic size but did the aggregate value of Nigeria represents 0.38 percent of the Nigerian economy in and... Disaggregated GDP indicates that the growth of 1.17 %, there is an increase of 0.64 points... Such economy especially the educational sector largest economy in the fourth quarter of 2018 had growth... Performance of the status of Nigeria in terms of the world & # x27 ; s average the income expenditure... And fair manner production rate on gross domestic product ( GDP ) more ) Updated: Dec,. Economy ( year-on-year nigeria gross domestic product the application of statistical techniques employed, the recovery appears fragile, given the.! Which recorded a 0.11 % increase in the first quarter of 2020 sub-sectors to agriculture and gross domestic influences... Effect in the early part of 1995 has contracted by -2.48 % While this disaggregated GDP that. There was a 0.47 % point increase in the early part of 1995 to. The first quarter of 2020 the disaggregated GDP indicates that the growth of 1.17 %, there an.
War Demon's Blade Brave Frontier, Social Justice Images, Chicago Manual Of Style Indexing, Who Is Harry Smith Wentworth, Domani Jackson Commitment, Digraph Python Example,