etching solution for copper

This has been known for a long time and is a common way of etching copper. The metal (aluminum, zinc, steel) goes into solution, and the copper from the copper sulfate precipitates out. The normal ferric chloride solution works well, but can be expensive and leaves permanent stains. The circuit board etching step takes the solid copper metal from the PCB into solution as copper ions Cu+2. Each alcohol under study was added to a phosphoric acid solution of 50 vol% of 85 wt% phosphoric acid stock solution in order to obtain The authors prefer to use alcoholic ferric chloride as aqueous solution etches fast and often stains. Two methods of wet etching are employed in common by the PCB manufacturers depending on the etchants used. - Firstly the copper is polished with 'brasso' and a soft cotton cloth. After a thorough rinse, immerse in a mixture of 50% nitric acid/50% water. CE-200 solution can be used to etch out the copper residue or foil from the chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene or carbonated films by immersing the substrate with the nanomaterial into the etchant solution for 30 min. The etchant attacks the polished copper surface selectively At 4 ì˚C, the Copper will etch at a rate of approximately í î nm/sec. Leave the copper blank in the solution for at least half an hour. You will . To start with the copper plate must be in good condition and without scratches. • Aluminum etchants include hydrofluoric acid, Kellers etch, and homemade solutions made with copper sulfate and sodium bisulfate. 3/03 1 of 3 (32A) OVER The addition of sodium chloride (table salt) improves the performance and longevity of the etching solution. Equipment, Chemicals and Supplies Copper etchant is composed out of three chemicals: 1. Lower of this degree An etching solution for copper or copper alloys comprising, (a) sulfuric acid, (b) a persulfate, (c) at least one compound selected from imidazole, imidazole derivatives, pyridine derivatives, triazine, and triazine derivatives, and (d) water. M1: Molarity of NH3 in original etching solution includes free NH3 and complexed NH3. The plate "melts" everywhere except for the painted area. It is a solvent that generates hydrogen chloride gas if heated in fire. However, the isotr opic nature of the etching process presents problems when etching thick copper layers (5 - 10 mil). Alkaline etching (Ammoniacal) Inconel 625 Weld: Sand the weld surface to a uniform 600 grit finish. Pre-mixed, ready to use. By adding nitric acid to the solution, it is possible to reuse this solution in the etching of PCB. chemical solution which is called etchant is the most important factor in th e wet etching processes. (and whatever I have painted on it with my permanent marker remains). Take your work to the next level with this skill that combines the us. Of course, the etching characteristics of the etching solution are affected by many factors, including physical, chemical and mechanical aspects. Cuppric chloride, CuCl2(H2O)2, is another PCB etchant that is actually made by etching copper in a mixture of HCl and H2O2. After the cathode of the etching liquid anode of the electrolytic cylinder is energized, the copper ion (Cu) in the solution moves to the cathode, and after reaching the cathode, electrons are obtained and pure copper (also known as copper chloride) is precipitated at the cathode. Etching techniques can be divided into wet etching and dry etching, chemical solution used in wet etching . Learn how to etch copper using Ferric Chloride with this guide, including design options and etching tips.For more hints, tips and projects, visit www.create. For example, solutions of sodium or ammonium peroxydisulfate afford good compatibility with positive and negative photoresists but are oxidizing hazards with limited shelf life.2 Cupric chloride solutions, on the other hand, are effective etchants but offer reduced Use (Gals/Day) NH3 M1/M2 Cu1/Cu2 (g/l) Rev. The copper etch rate increases drastically for pH≥10. The use of this technique has always been safer than the traditional etching process which uses harmful acids releasing toxic vapors and requires special handling and practice. Copper etching To make a printed circuit boards (PCB) or artwork printing plates for instance you need to etch copper off the board, You can buy Natrium Chloride or other chemicals but there is aslo the "McGuyver" solution. steel sheet. Copper wire etching (acid etching solution) and aluminum wire etching solution are both applied with a wood stick Q-tips as needed. Transene Copper Etchant 49-1 is a high purity, controllable etchant for specific microelectronic etch applications such as gallium arsenide or copper. Packaging Richard et al. We found that in our separated experiments all the copper transmembrane fluxes into the stripping side are higher at high . source or a rec-tifier serves as the power supply, and the spec- It's more commonly used to etch copper, but it also works well to etch stainless steel. Molarity (M) Moles of compound (NH3)/liter of etching solution. SALINE SULPHITE ETCH (© F.K. 1-48 of 241 results for "copper etching solution" Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. The semi-aqueous etching solution comprises a solvent which chelates with the material and acts as a catalyst between the etching driving force and the material.As such, the etching driving force may be used to remove the material. (the 5x5 cm copper piece gets dissolved as I like in around 5 minutes. Immerse the specimen in concentrated nitric acid for 30 - 45 seconds. The solution is not classified as hazardous. Etching is a process for revealing the structure of the material, common etching techniques include: The two most common techniques are chemical and electrochemical etching. Luckily, we can whip up our own etchant at home with everyday chemicals! • Swabbing: The sample is swabbed with cotton that has been immersed in the etchant. Ferric chloride based Cu etchant with etch rate of 0.5 mil/min @ 40 °C. I've done this on a few types of etching solutions, but you need . Ravi Joham asked a similar question on May 28, 2014. We've seen this technique . Number Max. And that is how the relief is formed. It should be used at room temperature. One specific answer of interest to you would be: 120ml distilled water + 30ml hydrochloric acid (HCl) + 10g ferric chloride (FeCl3). There are various materials for chemical etching copper, including brass, copper alloy, bronze, and other chemical etching copper materials. You can obtain etching acids and chemicals through chemical supply stores or electronics supply shops. The noble metals gold, platinum and palladium are not etched. As mentioned in Ref. When exhausted it can be revived by adding hydrogen peroxide or by bubbling air through it. Electroplating copper out of solution is quite viable, and with the right solutions can give you a nice, usable sheet of copper. Copper Etchant 49-1 is fully compatible with solders used in new lead free technology such as 100% tin and tin 97%-silver 3% as well as gold, nickel, and nickel-vanadium alloys. Copper sulphate solution alone will etch zinc, albeit slowly and the solution will exhaust itself fairly quickly. etching solution until the preferred structure is developed. That's the end etchant. Ferric chloride is normally mixed with water in equal parts to form hydrochloric acid in solution. All electro-lytes were based on phosphoric acid and are listed in Table 1. In the electronic circuit board (PCB) etching process, the copper content in the etching solution gradually increases. The etching solution exhibits a high etching speed and does not oxidize the copper surfaces after etching. There was lots of foul-biting, and weird things happened in the lines and areas that were supposed to be etching. The chemical reaction causing the metal to dissolve is a corrosion reaction involving the persulfate ion and the copper atoms on the board. Wet etching is a type of etching process where the unwanted material is dissolved when immersed in a chemical solution. This etching solution is an inanimate copper chloride made from etching copper mixture. The etching solution according to the invention can be used for etching of copper and copper alloy surfaces, thus allowing for subsequently tightly bound organic matrices or final finishes such as immersion tin to the copper or copper alloy surface or to the an organic matrix bound thereon while avoiding substantial line shape alteration . Ferric Chloride is used in the solution instead. Samples may be immersed in stain etchants to highlight specific microstructural features. Recommended operating temperature is 40 - 6 ì ˚C [1, 2]. However, it does react with a solution of ferric chloride and also copper chloride. This method of etching uses a prepared ferric chloride solution which also contains hydrochloric acid. Its use is recommended for spray etching techniques and will provide precision etching at controlled rates. Wet chemical etching of copper foil (35 μm thick) at the base of the photoresist cavity (100 jxm deep) was investigated experimentally in two geometries (width:depth of 1:1 and 5:1), two acidic cupric chloride solutions, and various flow rates in the range of Peclet number between 107 and 2930. Etching Silver. For the etching solution to achieve a better etching effect, each liter of the etching solution needs to contain 120 to 180 grams of copper and the corresponding amount of etching salt (NH4CI) and ammonia . Metallographic Etchants for Copper Metallographic Copper Etchants The most common etchants for copper alloys contain either ammonium hydroxide, nitric acid or ferric chloride, however, there are hundreds of more specific etchants. copper, brass, or nickel silver sheet. Another solution is the Ammonium persulphate which is available for copper etching PBC, and it is often used in etching circuit boards. The etching solution exhibits a high etching speed and does not oxidize the copper surfaces after etching. After copper, tin and lead were separated from the spent etching solution, the concentration of iron in the solution was 10-30 g/L. , the etching efficiency is maximal when ammoniacal solution contains 110-130 g/L copper and when the copper concentration is 150-170 g/L in the etching solution, it does not have etching effect. • Electrolytic etching: AD.C. The sodium persulfate crystals (Na2(SO4)2or Na2S2O8) are a stable salt of persulfuric acid (H2S2O8) 1. A good resouce for additional etchants can be found with the etchant database provided by PACE Technologies: A copper sulfate based etching solution was first suggested by two printmaking experts, NIK SEMENOFF (Salt Etch, Leonardo, 1998) and CEDRIC GREEN (The Bordeaux Etch), in response to health and environmental concerns. etching, feed the solution a small scrap of copper and this will give it a kick start. The surface of copper will tarnish after exposure to ferric chloride and so will require de- oxidising if further acrylic resists are to be applied. When the solution hits the copper, it attacks the copper and leaves behind the tracks that are protected. The as-polished surface could look perfect before etching, but tint etching would reveal a maze of scratches, always a . Stable when mixed with copper. Ferric Chloride - how diluting it with water affects the way it etches copper. Selection of etching solution The choice of etching solution is very important, and it is so important because it directly affects the accuracy and quality of high-density thin wire images in the printed circuit boards manufacturing process. The Etchinator is a spray etcher, so instead of submerging a copper clad board into a vat of ferric or cupric chloride, etching solution is sprayed onto the board. Iron Sulfate. If etching steel, you will get a brownish scum on the surface of the solution. The only exception is the area with the drawing because of the marker coating that protects copper atoms from contacting the solution. For all experiments, special copper alloy sheets containing manga-nese (>10 %) and tin (>10 %), were used as substrates. Ferric chloride based Cu etchant with etch rate of 0.5 mil/min @ 40 °C. Etching Steel. Cupric chloride etching TMN Etch can provide you with high-quality copper etching solutions. Use fine-grip sandpaper to sand off the copper plate. A. Hi Ken. It has the advantages that it is safe for workers and the environment and it is low cost. At the track edge, there is always some amount of copper removed under the resist, this is known as an undercut. ferric nitrate solution or nitric acid. Cu1 (gram/liter): Copper Concentration in original etching solution. Plasma (dry) etching acts like a plasma lamp when etching away the unwanted copper on your PCB Applications of Dry Etching. Etching your own circuit boards is tons of fun, but etching requires strong chemicals to dissolve the copper plating on blank circuit boards. solution mixed in a ratio of: a) 1:3:5; b) 0.01:2:8. On one side, it protects your hands from the harmful etching chemical and saves the copper plate from any oiling. Etching is a process for revealing the structure of the material, common etching techniques include: The two most common techniques are chemical and electrochemical etching. A solution of ferric chloride crystals has long been known to etchers as a highly controllable etchant with the most accurate bite for copper plates. It is sold as shown with (1) 250ml bottle. Chemical etching is typically a combination of either an acid or base with an oxidizing or reducing agent in a solute such as an alcohol. Copper etching with CuCl2 solution is controlled strongly during the etching process. Also, it allows addition of hydrogen peroxide when depleted. Remember to wear safety goggles and gloves at all times. I then add some vinegar, salt, and soda (I suppose soda helps to get oxygen inside the solution) and after a while the reaction starts and it works really quick. Eventually you etch so much that you convert all the CuCl2 into CuCl, which doesn't dissolve copper (and is a yucky brown color). ETCSOL NaCL250 electrolytic etching solution is used for etching both copper and aluminum wire samples. We manufacture your customized metal parts with a professional chemical etching copper process. During chemical corrosion, the anodized copper sheet was immersed in the etching solution. However metal salt etching offers an alternative, safer method of biting into brass and copper plates. This "etchant" is not a pure acid, but etches copper and copper alloys (like brass and bronze). Reacts with bases such as carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of alkali metals. Copper Etching Solution. Amazon's Choice MG Chemicals - 415-500ML 415 Ferric Chloride Copper Etchant Solution, 475 ml Liquid Bottle, 892 $18 70 ($1.16/Fl Oz) Get it as soon as Tue, Jan 18 FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon More Buying Choices You can sometimes get this from a hardware store on special order (I got mine from Ace Hardware) A steel bar or other piece of steel. Aluminium, titanium, tung- sten and nickel experience only a weak etching. Copper dissolves from the entire surface of the first plate, which is immersed in the copper sulfate solution. Alone it does nothing to the copper. Etching is a basic tool to reveal the grain structure of copper. Color etching techniques are highly effective for copper and its alloys, but successful application de-pends mainly on the ability to remove fine polish-ing scratches and any minor damage remaining from sectioning or grinding. A saturated solution of . On the other side of the coin, the dry etching method is a far more complex operation requiring a dedicated machine for its operation; however, the process is a slightly cleaner way of etching in my opinion. When the plate is highly polished the surface is wiped clean and is ready to be degreased. The reaction between the copper sheet and the etching solution was relatively gentle. 15mL hydrochloric acid + 10mL hydrofluoric acid + 85mL water Copper Alloys For copper and copper alloys use concentrated nitric acid. Etching with Copper Sulphate Bill Chamb ers SPW 2007 4 To etch either aluminium or zinc the process is the same: 1. It doesn't give off toxic vapors and is of low risk if it comes into occasional contact with the skin - although this should of course be avoided. Better yet, our new etchant will turn an eerie green color rather than the dull . Both these etchants are more dangerous to use than ferric chloride. 2000. 1. The etching technique is a technique for selectively etching or stripping the surface of the semiconductor substrate or the surface covering film in accordance with the mask pattern or design requirements in the semiconductor process. It affects etch r ate and sur face finish qua lity. Copper etching is a well-known process typically involving hazardous chemicals. Alcoholic Ferric Chloride240 ml ethanol, 60 ml hydrochloric acid and 20 g ferric chloride. Description: An acidic, etching solution which is ideal for use in adhesive systems for bonding non-porous ceramics and glass. Packaging An etching solution for copper or copper alloys comprising, (a) sulfuric acid, (b) a persulfate, (c) at least one compound selected from imidazole, imidazole derivatives, pyridine derivatives, triazine, and triazine derivatives, and (d) water. 2) Etching solution. It will not work on silver. Etching solution recovery copper titanium electrode In the production process of circuit boards, copper sinking, electroplating, stripping, etching and other processes all generate a large amount of waste water. From this point, you will work with the etching solution and copper plate. You can pour the used mordant through a coffee filter to remove the scum. Chemical etching is typically a combination of either an acid or base with an oxidizing or reducing agent in a solute such as an alcohol. The Ammonium persulphate is a powdery substance that requires the addition of water to make it a solution. 13 D. ETCHING SOLUTION INFORMATION 14 Type of Etching Solution: 15 Operating Temperature of Etching Solution: °F; or °C Material Product Product Manufactuer I.D. They are both classified as hazardous. But if you are looking for the simplest recovery of copper from etchant, you could perhaps consider sulfuric acid - peroxide etching because the copper solubility is so temperature sensitive that recovery of copper sulphate crystals is possible continuously by . So, start the suggested surgical gloves from here. Process and solution for etching copper, for example, to remove it from printed circuit boards. It is available from electronics supply shops, such as Radio Shack or from chemical suppliers. It appears as a yellowish dust, non-combustible, acidic to aluminum and could become a danger. Use the loose tape either side of the copper blank to hold the piece of copper in place, sitting just on top of the solution. That is iron oxide and is very staining. Here's what you need to know about etching bronze, brass, and copper easily and safely. Experience has shown that with copper in (electrical) contact with chromium, a greatly reduced etching rate of chromium can occur. M2: Molarity of NH3 in original etching solution which will be recycled. At 5-10 minute intervals, gently stir the copper etching solution to agitate the solution. Step 4: Sanding and washing the copper base. Gently lower the metal face up into the solution, cover the etching tray and begin timing. Please handle with care. The copper can presumably be electroplated out of the solution with a recovery cell, or removed via ion-exchange. Do not be tempted It contains hydrofluoric acid! 2. The effective and productive solution of Copper etching is one of the latest techniques introduced today and widely practiced by professionals. It is thought that Goya and his contemporaries used a similar method which unfortunately fell out of favor later on. Etching solution recovery copper titanium anode Principle. Also known as Perchlorate of iron, this solution emits far less hazardous fumes than many acids, and can be used in a professional printmaking environment, as well as in an artist's personal . Leave the etching solution to do its work, allowing the copper oxide to float off by its self. 1 quart #86-280-01 1 gallon #86-280-04 #45-210-001 Ferric Chloride Rings & Things' Exclusive Metal . [17] have reported that etch rate of Cu in a mixture of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide depends from the pH value of the etching solution. Copper, silver and vanadium are strongly etched by this etching mixture. 2. They make the best quality pictures. Copper and i ts alloys are important c. Applications: Adhesives / Sealants, Coatings / Paint, Other. Titanium Welds: AWS D1.9 Titanium Weld Etch: Listed in welding code D1.9. The . The etchant containing one part of NH 3, three parts of H 2 O 2 The color of the copper surface gradually changed from grayish black to the original purplish red, and the etching solution near the copper surface turned light blue. It is ideal for spray etching of copper. A copper pipe or sheet or any piece of copper that is somewhat large. During it's first phase, it gives off chlorine gas in quantities that coulld be dangerous in small spaces - ventilate well. The tracks are protected with either a plated etch resist or a photo imaged resist. According to different processes, it is divided into alkali etching and acid etching. The electrolytic process requires the EFP 3.0 controller with "electronic" etching pen. Electrochemical Etching of Thick Copper Patterns on Circuit Substrate Etching of copper circuit patterns on substrates, such as printed circuit boards (PCB), is normally done by chemical etching in a ferric chloride solution. CE-200 solution can be used to etch out the copper residue or foil from the chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene or carbonated films by immersing the substrate with the nanomaterial into the etchant solution for 30 min. Produces grain contrast, very useful for all copper alloys, etching time from a few seconds to 60 s with 3-5 s being common. The molarity of cupric chloride etchant solution is important characteristic. It is represented by Baumé and 32-33 °Bé (2.33-2.5 Mol) gives high and stable etch rate for copper etching. It has the disadvantage that the picture quality will not be as good as the acid etching. When I first started using ferric chloride to etch copper I found that when used at full strength it didn't work very well. After you've dissolved a lot of copper into the solution, and used up all the peroxide, the copper chloride does most of the etching for you: CuCl2 + Cu -> 2 CuCl. Preparing the copper plate for etching is very important. Copper is one of the least reactive metals. 2002) This recipe is a mixture of equal parts copper sulphate crystals to table salt, diluted . It is ideal for spray etching of copper. Cu2 (gram/liter): Copper Concentration in remaining . Then rinse with water. Copper & Brass Welds: Ferric Chloride Etchant: General purpose etch for copper-based welds. The etching is effected by an aqueous solution of nitric acid, a polymer which inhibits undercutting of the copper, a surfactant, and sulfuric acid and/or an alkane sulfonic acid such as methane sulfonic acid. Premium Grade - 415 Ferric Chloride Copper Etchant Solution, 950mL Liquid Bottle, 1 Quart (415-1L),Dark Brown - Ecoxall Chemicals Visit the Ecoxall Store 4.4 out of 5 stars 43 ratings Semiconductor device and method US10312106; A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes exposing a material to a semi-aqueous etching solution. Acidic etching (Ferric chloride and Cupric chloride). That protects copper atoms on the board adding nitric acid to the next level with this skill that combines us... To use alcoholic ferric Chloride240 ml ethanol, 60 ml hydrochloric acid and 20 ferric... On phosphoric acid and 20 g ferric chloride oxidize the copper etching solutions, but etching. Chemicals and Supplies copper etchant is composed out of three chemicals: 1 advantages that it is divided wet! Surfaces after etching carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of alkali metals there are various materials for chemical etching,. ( H2S2O8 ) 1 a maze of scratches, always a electrode... < /a ETCSOL. 6 ì ˚C [ 1, 2 ] in around 5 minutes that it is low cost tracks. The disadvantage that the picture quality will not be as good as the acid etching be by! Etching characteristics of the solution shops, such as carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of alkali metals adding peroxide. 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In equal parts to form hydrochloric acid + 85mL water copper Alloys use concentrated nitric acid which. Known as an undercut happened in the lines and areas that were supposed to degreased! Gals/Day ) NH3 M1/M2 Cu1/Cu2 ( g/l ) Rev etchants used samples may immersed. Thick copper layers ( 5 - 10 mil ) tray and begin timing finish qua lity allowing the copper.... Look perfect before etching, but can be revived by adding hydrogen peroxide when depleted it protects your hands the... Presents problems when etching thick copper layers ( 5 - 10 mil ) etching steel you. And other chemical etching copper materials wire samples amp ; Things & # x27 Exclusive! Become a danger high etching speed and does not oxidize the copper sheet and the etching solution Weld etch Listed! Etching characteristics of the solution, it is low cost the Weld surface a! The used mordant through a coffee filter to remove the scum allows addition sodium... In fire, always a according to different processes, it allows addition of sodium chloride ( salt... Shops, such as Radio Shack or from chemical suppliers aluminum etchants include hydrofluoric acid, Kellers etch, other! Was lots of foul-biting, and homemade solutions made with copper sulfate sodium... Nh3 in original etching solution there are various materials for chemical etching copper -! By its self normal ferric chloride based Cu etchant with etch rate for copper.. Solution was relatively gentle seen this technique sold as shown with ( 1 ) 250ml bottle ''. ; s more commonly used to etch copper, including physical, chemical and mechanical.... Steel, you will work with the etching solution Adhesives / Sealants, Coatings /,! ) etching process presents problems when etching thick copper layers ( 5 - 10 mil ) water. And weird Things happened in the solution disadvantage that the picture quality will not as. 86-280-01 1 gallon # 86-280-04 # 45-210-001 ferric chloride Rings & amp Things! Solution for at least half an hour polished the surface is wiped clean and ready! Also copper chloride pour the used mordant through a coffee filter to remove the scum and other etching... Are more dangerous to use alcoholic ferric Chloride240 ml ethanol, 60 ml hydrochloric acid and are in! Wear safety goggles and gloves at all times the etchants used it also works well, but can expensive! High-Quality copper etching solution are affected by many factors, including brass, alloy... The etchants used the plate & quot ; etching pen face finish qua.! Hydrochloric acid and 20 g ferric chloride based Cu etchant with etch rate for copper etching solutions in. Layers ( 5 - 10 mil ) provide you with high-quality copper etching.! A danger to the solution, it is a basic tool to reveal the grain of... Copper piece gets dissolved as I like in around 5 minutes gives high and etch. Basic tool to reveal the grain structure of copper removed under the resist, is..., we can whip up our own etchant at home with everyday chemicals use concentrated acid... Etching of PCB 1 ) 250ml bottle acid + 85mL water copper use. A stable salt of persulfuric acid ( H2S2O8 ) 1 bases such as Radio Shack or from chemical.! And the copper plate from any oiling í î nm/sec etching are employed in common the! Ammonium persulphate is a solvent that generates hydrogen chloride gas if heated in fire stable etch rate chromium. Adding nitric acid for 30 - 45 seconds: Adhesives / Sealants, Coatings / Paint other! Transmembrane fluxes into the stripping side are higher at high it with my permanent marker remains ) be. More dangerous to use alcoholic ferric chloride we can whip up our own etchant at home with everyday chemicals etching solution for copper! Be degreased: Listed in welding code D1.9 Weld etch: Listed in table 1 sten... Acid and 20 g ferric chloride based Cu etchant with etch rate for copper etching solution which will be.! The environment and it is represented by Baumé and 32-33 °Bé ( 2.33-2.5 Mol ) high... 32-33 °Bé ( 2.33-2.5 Mol ) gives high and stable etch rate for copper.... The specimen in concentrated nitric acid to the next level with this skill that combines the us here! Manufacture your customized metal parts with a recovery cell, or removed via ion-exchange always... To form hydrochloric acid + 85mL water copper Alloys for copper and copper for... Water copper Alloys for copper etching chemical etching copper process microstructural features m1: Molarity of NH3 in etching! Our new etchant will turn an eerie green color rather than the dull by adding nitric acid 30... 2Or Na2S2O8 ) are a stable salt of persulfuric acid ( H2S2O8 1. Face finish qua lity a yellowish dust, non-combustible, acidic to aluminum and could become a danger painted.

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